The Human Of Human Cloning - 1100 Words

Human Cloning 1. INTRODUCTION Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer or pluripotent stem cell induction. In reproductive cloning, the entire genetic code is reproduced from a single body cell of an adult individual. The most common cloning technique is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The preparation†¦show more content†¦Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. iPSCs are typically derived by introducing products of specific sets of pluripotency-associated genes, or reprogramming fact ors, into a given cell type. 2. ISSUES Although the human cloning seems fairly beneficial and useful for human welfare, the possibility of human cloning has raised controversies. Concerning reproductive cloning, advocates believe that parents who cannot otherwise procreate should have access to the technology. Some opponents have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe while others emphasize that reproductive cloning could be prone to abuse (leading to the generation of humans whose organs and tissues would be harvested), and have concerns about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large. With regards to therapeutic cloning, the problem is that many attempts are often required to create a viable egg. The stability of the egg with the infused somatic nucleus is poor and it can require hundreds of attempts before success is attained. Therapeutic cloning does result in the destruction of an embryo after stem cells are extracted and this destruction has stirred contr oversy over the morality of the procedure. Some argue that the pros outweigh the cons with regards to treating disease and support development of therapeutic cloning inShow MoreRelatedThe Human Of Human Cloning1098 Words   |  5 Pages1. INTRODUCTION Human  cloning  is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer or pluripotent stemRead MoreThe Human Of Human Cloning2049 Words   |  9 PagesHuman Cloning Nowadays, in the twenty-first century, advances in medical sciences are being more and more common. As people become sicker, scientist try to find the way to solve that prob-lem. There are many series of medicaments, surgeries, and machines that have been develop to satisfy the necessities of modern society. However, all these techniques and options are not enough to cure many diseases or other types of problems such as amputations, transplants, and so on. As a result, scientists tryRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1332 Words   |  6 PagesCloning Science today is developing at warp speed. We have the potential to do many things, which include the cloning of actual humans and animals. The question no longer seems to be if we will clone humans, but when? Somewhere, sometime, a human clone will be born. This fact has exploded the world into a global debate. Will large armies of soldiers be raised to fight our wars? Or perhaps we will create a race of slaves to do our dirty work. Cloning is becoming more credible and concrete idea ratherRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1449 Words   |  6 Pagesto live up to 1,000 years old is alive today. However, many humans have a fear that this power of creation is fashioning an earthy trinity of man, science, and technology. Many of those who believe and fear this idea are apprehensive of various upcoming technological advances. After the first successful cloning experiment of a sheep, Dolly, scientists have looked into human cloning and the benefits it would offer humanity. Cloning of humans would give parents who are infertile the possibility to haveRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1006 Words   |  5 PagesTwins? Or is it clones? It has been known that identical twins are natural clones. The question is, what is cloning? Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through the use of a DNA sample. There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. There is a specific procedure that has to be followed for a clone to be madeRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1774 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction- Cloning is defined as two organisms having identical genetic DNA and has been around since the early 1800s. When people think of the word ‘cloning’ many think of Dolly the sheep; however, the first organism to ever be cloned was a sea urchin in 1885. When scientists created Dolly, they took a cell from the mammary gland from an adult Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish blackhead sheep. Dolly’s white face was the first sign that she was genetically modified because if sheRead MoreThe Cloning of Humans1398 Words   |  6 PagesYou can’t will a maxim where there is a diminishment of human dignity. Cloning humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other is a diminishment of human dignity. Therefore, cloning of humans is immoral. Human cloning is a practice which includes taking an egg from a human female, removing the nucleus, substituting it with the genetic material from the nucleus of another adult cell, and using electric shock or chemical bath to hoax the egg into thinking it has beenRead MoreCloning And Its Implications On Human Cloning1497 Words   |  6 PagesCloning and Its Sociobiological Implications Picture this: walking down a street and seeing someone who looks exactly like you. They do the same things as you, act the same way you do, and are exactly alike in several ways. But have people ever considered the consequences of human cloning if it becomes permitted? Human cloning might seem like something out of a science-fiction novel, but it may someday be possible with advances in science and technology. This will result in the creation of severalRead MoreHuman Cloning And Its Legality1347 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is the creation of genetically identical or modified copy of a human. Human cloning is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. The possibility of human cloning has raised complications. These ethical concerns have provoked several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its legality. The common types of cloning is Gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Gene cloning is the process in which a gene is located and copied out of DNA extractedRead More Human Cloning Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pages Human Cloning Human Cloning comes with two dangerous processes, reproductive cloning (the creating of a new organism) and the therapeutic cloning (the creation of a new tissues or â€Å"other biological products†) which affects the ethics of human society. Scientists perceive cloning benefits all men and women, while religious leaders stress the idea of cloning to be an unethical process. Although human cloning serves as an aid to the children and parents with conflicts, cloning is completely

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free Essays

Induced Plenteous Stem Cells Applied to the Held of Regenerative Medicine Imagine having the opportunity to travel back in time with the power to alter the outcome of the future. As pleasing as this may sound, such occurrences just do not seem realistic or even possible in today’s world. Although, if we take a step back and look into time travel on a smaller scale, at the cellular level, it is indeed possible to revert to an earlier stage of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells or any similar topic only for you Order Now Specifically focusing on terminally differentiated anatomic cells, scientists are now able to induce plenipotentiary thanks to the findings from Sir John B. Gordon, and Shinny Yamaha. Findings from Cordon’s paper inform us that all cells in an organism contain the same genetic Information. The difference in gene expression leads to one cell type over another. This Implies that somatic cells should have the ability to give rise to a variety of cell types under the appropriate conditions because all of the cells have the same DNA content. Findings from Handyman’s paper tell us that the factors responsible from the maintenance of allurements in early embryos and embryonic stem cells also are responsible for inducing plenipotentiary in somatic cells. The factors from Handyman’s discovery are COT-3/4, KILL, SOX, and c-NYC; these four transcription factors work together to effectively induce plenipotentiary and have greatly advanced the technological applications of genetic reprogramming. The field of regenerative medicine has especially benefited from the genetic reprogramming advances. One of the main goals of regenerative medicine is to restore structures of damaged tissues as well as to restore functions of damaged organs . A major application for regenerative medicine Is In the field of cardiovascular medicine. The use of regenerative medicine for cardiovascular disease treatment Is appealing because It Is much less Invasive that transplantation and open-heart surgery. In order to determine which combination transcription factors are able to create normal cell fates from the damaged cardiac tissue, induced plenteous stem cells are an intricate part of the drug screening technique often used. The drugs capable of inducing plenipotentiary and repairing the damaged tissue have the potential to treat cardiovascular disease n human patients. Alternative options for repairing damaged tissue include transplantation of new organs from donors. Cardiovascular diseases continue to account for the leading cause of death in American. Due to the high frequency of deaths caused by heart malfunctions in society, researchers are constantly trying to discover new ways for treatment and prevention. Despite the alternative methods used to treat cardiovascular diseases, the use of Induced plenteous stem cells for regenerative medicine Is overall beneficial to the field of cardiovascular medicine cause It Is a less Invasive option that can effectively restore wounded cardiac tissue by replacing cardiologists and reducing occurrences of fibrosis (Upon, 2011). Cardiovascular repair than other options, such as transplanting an entire heart. Before regenerative medicine had the clinical potential it currently possesses, scientists first needed to have a comprehensive understanding of the heart and its development processes. Muscle tissue in the heart is referred to as cardiac muscle. One cell type that encompasses cardiac muscle is the cardiology. Each mature dull cardiology only contains a single, unique nucleus and expresses cardiac transcriptions factors, which allows for their calcium ion handling and contractile properties (Upon, 2011). Normally, these adult cardiologists cannot regenerate once damaged (Upon). This leads to the malfunction or loss of function within the heart, causing many of the heart conditions prevalent in society. Studies show that induced plenteous stem cells can differentiate into the three electroencephalographic phenotypes of cardiologists: nodal, trial, and ventricular (Upon, 2011). In a injunction human heart, nodal cardiologists are found at the bottom, trial cardiologists pump blood in, and ventricular cardiologists pump blood out to the lungs and the rest of the body. Each phenotype shows that suppositories can successfully increase the rate of contraction while ceremonially can decrease the rate of contraction (Upon). Ellen Peon’s review paper explains that the function of cardiologists in the heart is to perform the contraction for blood flow. More importantly, it explains that the presence of specific chemicals, suppositories and ceremonially, effects the speed of contraction. Peon’s findings about the specifics of heart contractions are extremely beneficial information in terms of regenerative medicine applied to cardiovascular diseases because a heart that is uncontrollably pumping too fast or too slow has the potential to be regulated simply by adding either suppositories or ceremonially concentrations to the environment. Both chemicals could be studied further to determine if a drug design involving the two is reasonable for treatment. Even though using induced plenteous stem cells to generate heart tissue is less invasive, there are drawbacks to be looked onto further by researchers. In the review paper, Upon notes that cardiology’s derived from induced plenteous cells are immature functionally and structurally. This is problematic because at immature stages, the electrical properties of the cardiologists are similar to that of those of heart failure. It was also observed the the derived cardiologists were about ten times smaller than the normal adult cardiologists. Most importantly, the safety and practical worth of the induced cardiology’s is unknown because there is not a lot of information about the amphibology of these cells. Downsides noted in Samurai’s paper include the large-scale preparation that goes into creating these induced cardiologists and the elimination of undifferentiated induced plenteous stem cells from generating the cardiology’s. With all that being said, there is promising potential for using regenerative medicine as a less invasive means to treat cardiovascular diseases. An alternate method used to bypass these downfalls is the cell-sheet technique. This technique involves harvesting a sheet of undamaged cells and transplanting them directly on top of the injured organ. The idea is that the undamaged cells will essentially promote recovery of the organ’s wounded cells. Kumara and others illustrate the efficacy of induced plenteous stem cell derived cardiology sheets. Improve cardiac function (Kumara, 2011). Chemic cardiopulmonary is when there is a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle tissue, causing measurable deterioration of it function. Sheets of cardiologists capable of restoring tissue after being deteriorated is a feasible option for treating chemic cardiopulmonary. However, this is still invasive for the patient and tissue is still be removed from one action and transplanted to another. Inducing regenerative cardiologists is still a much less invasive option to restore cardiac tissue. As previously mentioned, there is not a lot of regenerative potential for heart tissue once it has been wounded. One of the reasons for this is due to the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (Song 2012). A cardiac fibroblast is a particular heart cell type that is responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of connective tissues. Activation of these fibroblasts leads to cardiac fibrosis (Song, 2012), which is simply the formation of excess connective issue in the hearth. It is the fibrosis that interferes with regeneration of cardiac cells causing a number of problems like the loss of contractile function and the increased susceptibility to arrhythmias (Song, 2012). But because most of the cells of the heart are in fact cardiac fibroblasts, they are a potential regenerative medicinal source of cardiac function restoration. One major success of regenerative medicine as it relates to cardiovascular medicine is the repair of heart tissue by reprogramming non- mystery with cardiac transcription factors performed by Kuhn Song along with there researchers. Song’s paper shows that GATE, Hand, MFC, and TPTB are able to reprogram mouse cardiac fibroblasts into contracting cardiac-like mystery in vitro and in vivo. The discovery of these essential cardiac inducing factors can act as the platform for answering more fundamental research questions in the future. Data from Songs research illustrate that the expression of these four transcription factors enhances cardiac function while decreeing adverse ventricular remodeling following infarction. Findings from this study shows that the efficiency of reprogramming to induced cardiac-like mystery using GATE, Hand, MFC, and TPTB is comparable to the reprogramming of induced plenteous stem cells by the Yamaha factors (Song). The method of retrovirus transduction was used to incorporate the transcription factors into the genome of the non-moseyed in order to bring the cells back to a plenteous state. Although viral and retrovirus transduction is a convenient method to incorporate new DNA sequences, there are drawbacks that may be adversely effecting outcomes of the induced plenteous cells. There are a couple of key disadvantages using viruses and vectors to incorporate DNA into a host’s genome. One disadvantage is the genomic integration that occurs with retrovirus vectors. Genomic integration involves inserting DNA sequences directly into the host’s cells DNA. The problem is that vectors integrate near the starting point of transcription causing either enhance transcription more than normal or this can disrupt transcriptions. The results from both outcomes are altered expression due to the technique used rather than the genetic information present. The likelihood of residual transgender expression is another disadvantage to using vectors as a means of incorporating new DNA sequences. Residual transgender expression is when genetic material from one organism remains after it is transferred leading to the protein synthesis with the contents of the lingering DNA. Residual transgender expressions, research has been done to find alternative methods that are as practical in a clinical setting. A successful alternative to retrovirus transduction involves virus-free integration methods. In relation to cardiovascular medicinal applications, cardiologists have been successfully derived from virus- free induced plenteous cells. Shish Meta and others demonstrate that virus-free induced plenteous stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiologists with the characteristic cardiac-specific properties. The induced cardiologists showed think and thin filaments of muscle proteins, as expected to be seen normal adult cardiologists (Meta, 2011). Additionally, the induced cardiologists expressed calcium ion handling and ion channel proteins, which further confirms the heart tissue development. Overall, the virus-free methods are preferred over retrovirus vector methods in clinical settings because the outcomes have less harmful potential in vivo. Despite some of the critical downfalls discussed, it is clear that the use of induced plenteous stem cells for regenerative medicine is ultimately useful to the field of cardiovascular medicine because it is a less invasive option that effectively restores wounded cardiac tissue by inducing cardiologists and reducing occurrences of fibrosis (Upon, 2012). Peon’s paper shows that in the presence of suppositories and ceremonially, cardiologists contraction rates are affected. Drug designers working to create heart-regulatory drugs to control abnormalities in retreats now have more information to work with. Additionally, researchers are able to use this information as a platform for additional research to understand how to control irregularities in cardiology contractions. The use of regenerative medicine for cardiovascular disease treatments is an emerging technological strategy that holds great potential for the future of human health. How to cite Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Papers

Commentary on The Rest Essay Example For Students

Commentary on The Rest Essay The Rest is a very striking and emotional poem. On the first reading it puts the reader into suspense. Literally, it may seem like the poet is just watching a woman walk surrounded by trees and grasses. It may seem bland and emotionless, but symbolically the poet gives us an insight into the theme of eternal rest or death. In this third person narrative, the poet does not disclose anything about the woman, even her identity. The poet also brings out the inability of the audience to sympathize and understand what the woman is going through as they belong to the living world and have no connection with death or the dead. There is complete disconnection between the audience and the woman. This is brought out in the very first line of the poem; The rest of us watch from beyond the fence The fence is like a boundary between the audience and the woman, signifying the gap between the living and the dead. In this poem the audience in unable to understand what the woman is going through as they know nothing. They are not capable of understanding the actions of the woman. This is evident in the following; we know it is not a language we know yet. We can see her clearly but for her it is running in black smoke They have never experienced the suffering the woman is going through, so they do not understand the language of it and cannot decipher the actions of the woman. In the next line the poet juxtaposes two contrasting ideas. She talks about how the audience can see her clearly even though she is running into something as unclear as black smoke. The colour black symbolizes the tormenting and eerie phase of death the woman is entering. This line also brings a gloomy and dark imagery to the reader. It also shows the complete detachment between the audience and the woman. The setting of the poem is green and full of trees and grapes. This bright setting helps the reader to get a clearer picture of the contrast between this dazzling side of the fence and the ghastly, depressing side of death. Also it is ironic that the woman is dieing and the poet says the grasses were healthy at this time of the year. The poet is probably describing spring, which is again ironic as the woman is not quite in the spring of her life. The poet again talks about her atrocious state comparing it to elements of spring like grapes and porridge; The cluster of cells in her swelling like porridge boiling, and bursting, like grapes, we think. The poet has uses a brilliant simile to describe the manner in which the womans cells are gradually decaying. But the words we think bring out how the poet is unsure about everything that is happening to the woman. This brings out how it is impossible for any living being to understand death truly unless it happens to them. No matter how much they try ultimately only the woman herself can feel the magnitude of pain she is going through. The audience is genuinely trying to help the woman but their efforts are useless. This is evident in the following; We would like to call something Out to her. Some form of cheering. There is pain but no arrival at anything. This also signifies how even though death is full of pain and suffering it also puts an end to the entire earthly trauma one faces. .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 , .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .postImageUrl , .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 , .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46:hover , .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46:visited , .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46:active { border:0!important; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46:active , .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46 .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u814d1a4487dd64a2a9cf824e91767b46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Charlotte O'Neil's song' by Fiona Farrell EssayIt is remarkable how the poet writes about a problem as severe and disturbing as death in such a simple narrative technique. There is no rhyme scheme and the poet uses very simple language. The poet uses various adjectives, similes and comparisons to describe the grotesque state the woman is going into. The poet says the woman moves with her jagged stride into the pain of death. This process of death is compared to a slow race to bring out how the pain one goes through always seems like it is never-ending but ultimately it doe come to an end. The poet also compares the explosions in mud to the exploding and dieing cells of the womans body. The poet uses a lot of bright and nature imagery to bring out a contrast and heighten the darkness of death. The tone of the poem is extremely gloomy and melancholic and devoid of hope. The poet uses long sentences to signify the lengthy course of life on earth. But the poem is also heavily end-stopped signifying that this lengthy process of life does ultimately come to an end. The poet, very outstandingly, describes the most tormenting moment of the womans life (the process of death), by using nature and bright imagery. The poet underlines the concept of how it is impossible to understand the pain one is going through unless one goes through it themselves. Just like living beings can never feel or comprehend the intensity of the process of death. The poet also highlights the concept of how death is unstoppable, no matter how much one may try. Once some one is walking towards the path of death no matter how much one may call something out to her or use some form of cheering, there is no way to return.

FINDING OLD COPIES OF PUBLICATIONS IN A DIGITAL AGE - The Writers For Hire

FINDING OLD COPIES OF PUBLICATIONS IN A DIGITAL AGE So, you’re trying to find copies of old magazine and/or newspaper articles. Easy, right? Ha! That’s what you think. A few months ago, I was given the task of tracking down some old magazine and newspaper articles for a book project we were working on. Given that the articles were to be included in the book, they had to be original publications or copies with the pictures and format of the originals. There were around 30 different articles that were needed from various publications, ranging from the well-known Wall Street Journal and New York Times, to smaller players such as the Colorado Springs Gazette and the St. Louis Post. I figured that locating these articles would be as simple as contacting the publications, and just asking for a copy. I reasonably assumed that there would be some sort of cost associated with getting these copies, but that was to be expected. What I was not bargaining for was just how difficult it would be to locate the articles I was searching for, and how many hoops I would have to jump through in order to get copies of them. After several weeks of going down various rabbit holes, only to come up empty-handed, I finally found the answers I was looking for as well as some knowledge to bestow upon you. Now, I could just hand over my newfound knowledge, but that would be robbing you of the opportunity to experience a little bit of my roller coaster of a journey in obtaining this information. Instead, take a walk with me through my wild goose chase of hunting for old magazine and newspaper articles. The First Step: Checking the Publications’ Online Archives Oh, how naà ¯ve I was! There I sat, staring haughtily at my computer screen, as I typed â€Å"Wall Street Journal Archives† into my Google browser. Clicking on the â€Å"news article archives† link for The Wall Street Journal, I soon discovered that this was not going to be as easy as I had so loftily believed. This website probably would have been exactly what I needed, if only I were looking for articles from earlier this year, or even three years ago. That was not the case. No, the articles I was trying to find were from 30 years ago. And while the Wall Street Journal site does allow you to search for old articles, it only has the capability to go back to 2010. I repeated these steps with The New York Times, Business Week, and Fortune Magazine, only to be told the same basic answer: â€Å"We do not house copies of our publication going back that far.† Suddenly, I found myself heading back to the drawing board. My ego was slightly bruised, but I still believed myself to be quite clever. After all, how hard could it really be? Step Two: Trying Third Party Archive Websites Once again, visiting my old friend Google, I searched for â€Å"how to get old copies of newspapers.† I felt my excitement rise, as I clicked on the link for a site that promised to deliver articles dating back to 1739. Surely this site would be the answer! While I was able to locate a few of the smaller publications that were on my wish list here, the bigger players such as The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times were still playing hard to get. It was apparent that I was going to have to up my game. Step Three: Calling the Publications Directly Fighting the introvert in me, who generally tries to avoid talking on the phone, I forced myself to dial the number for The Wall Street Journal (WSJ). Three rings later, I found myself on the line with a lovely gentleman who informed me that licensing and reprints for the WSJ (and many of the other publications) were handled through the Dow Jones reprint and licensing department. The kind man directed me to a website, where I was instructed to enter the information individually for each of the publications I was trying to get. I was then promised that someone with the reprint and licensing department would be contacting me soon. So, I waited. A few days later, an email from Dow Jones magically appeared in my inbox. My anticipation soon waned, as I read through the first sentence:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dow Jones Reprint and Licensing does not offer single article reprints, rather we offer reprints for bulk distribution.† Bulk distribution of at least 500 copies! What would I do with 500 copies?!? And how much would that cost?!? There had to be an easier way! Putting The Wall Street Journal aside for a minute, I dialed up the number for The New York Times, hoping for a more positive response. In turn, I was sent on another expedition to seek the publications through PARS International, which I learned was another big-wig in the reprint and licensing game. Once again, after the tedious task of entering the information for each of the articles I was searching for, I waited for some good news to come. And it came. They had my articles! PARS International could provide a PDF of each article to me for only $100 per article. That fee only covered the actual copy, and did not include the $500 per article fee that had to be paid for licensing and copyright purposes. Thirty some articles, at $600 a pop! This was turning into quite the expensive venture especially since I was not allowed to even view the PDF copies of the articles before placing my pricey order. This was just not a viable option. I had to find a better way†¦ Step Four: Contacting Independent Publishing Firms Taking a break from the pricey third-party licensing companies, I decided to try my luck with independent publishers. After playing a week-long game of phone tag with various publishing firms, I finally got a response. They were unable to help me, due to not having a relationship with any of the publishers in question. Grasping for straws, I begged them to point me in the right direction. Noting my desperation, they recommended that I try contacting the Copywrite Clearance Center (CCC). Willing to try anything at this point, I located the information for the CCC. As had become the expectation, I was directed to a website, which instructed me to input the information for the articles I desired. After opening an account and submitting my requests, I again found myself waiting for some kind of break. Two days later, the break came. â€Å"We found it! Now download it.† Those words were so enticing. I was just a click away, plus a fee of $23.77, from the articles that had been eluding me for so long. As I clicked my mouse on the â€Å"download† button, I thought I had finally achieved my goal. My victory, however, was fleeting. While the article had indeed been found, it was not at all what I was searching for. The words were there, but they were just words. It looked as though someone had just typed out the content from the article, instead of presenting me with an actual copy of the article as published. I was looking for this: But got this: Upon contacting the CCC again, I was informed that the actual copy was not available. This was the best that they could do for me. I shook my head in disbelief. Somehow, I was back to where I started. Step Five: Moving on to Online Sellers By this time, my stubborn determination had kicked in. I would not be defeated. My old friend Google seemed to stare me in the face, daring me to try again. My mind was racing. Where else could I look? I searched through Amazon, Ebay, and Etsy, to no avail. All three sites had a large array of collectible newspapers and magazines, but none of the ones I needed. I even checked with sites advertising that they could send you any newspaper from the day you were born. As promising as that sounded, I soon read through the fine print and saw that for the small fee of $49.99 they would send you the closest match to the paper you were looking for. Closest matches were not going to cut it. I needed a guarantee. Step Six: Flashing Back to my Childhood at the Library Digging deep into my theatrical roots, I tried some method acting. I tried to BE the newspapers. â€Å"If I were an old copy of a newspaper, where would I live?† I found myself asking. Just then, it came to me like a beam of light, shining through a dark curtain of clouds. I had it! The library!! Of course! Why had I not thought of that before?!? As a child who spent hours upon hours weeding through the public library’s microfilm collection for school projects, how did I not think of this earlier? Had I become so accustomed to the digital age that I had forgotten about the painstaking steps we used to have to go through to complete a research paper? Pushing those traumatic memories aside, I quickly searched for libraries that housed copies of old publications. The first result to pop up was â€Å"Harvard.† Of course, how could it be any other? Dialing up the Harvard library, I soon found myself confronted with yet another challenge. I was not a Harvard student or staff member. I did not have an esteemed â€Å"Harvard Key,† which was required for me to access their archives. Seeing how I did not have the time, or the SAT scores, to quickly enroll in Harvard, I searched again. Scrolling past the names of other Ivy League schools, that I was sure would also deny me access to their exclusive archives, I finally saw it: the New York Public Library! They HAD to house old copies of newspapers, right? After all, it’s the New York Public Library. I attempted to search their website for the articles, but was prompted to enter my library card number, which I did not have. Again, ignoring my dislike for making phone calls, I dialed up the number for the library. The phone rang twice, and was then answered by an angel named Jane. Jane had the raspy voice of someone who had likely been smoking for most of her life, and the telltale east coast accent for which New Yorkers  are so well known. Explaining my dilemma to my new best friend Jane, she quickly eased my pains. Not only did the New York Public Library have the articles I had been searching the ends of the earth for, they also provided a service to locate those files. Now, if my journey had taught me anything it was that nothing is as easy as I assume it will be. Challenging Jane’s answers, I asked her if I needed to be a library member to have access. I was elated to hear that I, a non-library card holding citizen, had the same rights as those who held the illustrious card. Jane gave me the website address, assuring me that she would be there for me if I had any further questions. I went to the site and put in the requests for the remaining articles that I was still trying to locate. After providing my credit card information, and authorizing them to charge me $25 for the service, I waited in anxious anticipation. Less than 24 hours later, the email arrived. I held my breath. Was this finally the moment? Was this the end of my treacherous journey? There it was. Never had I seen such a beautiful PDF. After weeks of searching, and endless dead-ends, I had finally located copies of the articles I needed. It was such a simple solution, yet it took so much work to arrive there. And while I still have nightmares of searching high and low for newspaper articles, I can rest easy knowing that I now have the answers and can hopefully prevent others from having to go through the struggle of locating old publications.

Research Paper Topic Ideas

Research Paper Topic Ideas Research Paper Topic Ideas Research Paper Topic Ideas While writing research paper, you should remember that it must be based an original controversial topic. Research paper writing requires exploration of  some problem (for example, terrorism, abortion, genetically modified food). The topic shouldn't be too general. If you are interested in investigating the topic you care about, you should read as much literature as you can find. It help you not only to narrow your research paper topic but also to know more about the chosen topic. For example, the topic 'Abortion' is too general, but you may investigate one side of this problem while writing academic research paper. The narrow one will be 'Induced abortion as an independent risk factor for breast cancer' . While writing research paper on this very topic, you should give general information in the introduction about the problem of the abortion in the modern world. A thesis statement should also be presented at the end of the research paper writing introduction. You should write po ssible pros and cons in the body of your research paper. It'll be a good idea to present data which support your arguments; otherwise you will end with opinion paper, not research paper. The body paragraphs should explain your chosen position on the topic supported with the evidence. Finally, research paper conclusion is a last step where you should include concluding remarks. Research Paper Help If you have some uncertainty how to write a research paper, this part of the article will give you helpful information for research paper writing (referencing secondary sources): Use secondary sources while writing research paper. It means that your research may come across the other writer who quotes or discusses another book or author. In this case, you must cite on the reference page the source where you have found this reference to another book. However, the original sources may not be included in your reference page of the research paper. However, you obviously must include source where you have found the reference. Besides, you must tell the reader the name of the author whose work was paraphrased or quoted. For example: Anderson (as cited in Jackson, 1998, p. 71) the professor of linguistic reports that...   If necessary, you need to add appendix page. If you have appendix, mark it as Appendix in the center at the top of the research paper page. If you have two, three, four etc. use capital letters beginning with the first one (Appendix A, Appendix B etc.). The appendix shouldn't be placed on the reference page. Custom Written Research Paper If the above information is not enough for you to write a research paper, you can always rely on our assistance.   is available 24/7 to assist you with research paper writing on any topic.   We provide free plagiarism report and guarantee authenticity of every delivered custom written research paper.

The Aquilar and Sahagun Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Aquilar and Sahagun Culture - Essay Example The account of the Spanish conquest and contradictory opinions on the role of small pox and virgin soil displays how personal interests, ethnic biases and political thoughts can largely influence the outcome and historical understanding of historical events. The Spanish account of the Mexican conquest is intertwined in propagating Spanish prowess and strategies leading to their victory. In many Spanish memoirs, the concentration is settled on how the Spanish employed tactical strategies with extraordinary technology to conquer the Aztec empire. More often than not, Spanish conquer of the Aztec is largely premised on the introduction of smallpox in Mexico in what is commonly referred to as â€Å"Black slave†, with the subject appearing in most of the Spanish chronicles and historical memoirs as having spread from Tepeaca, towards Tlaxcala and finally to Tenochtitlan. (Schwartz, 2000) Arising from the devastating effects of smallpox, Mexican populations died and reduced considerably, neighboring towns of Mexico were enveloped and, ruling elites ravaged while their diplomatic and military cadres abated. Moreover, Schwartz (2000) has also supported that the Spanish view holds that while the Spanish mainly used the Mexicans as slaves and laborers, they were made to believe that the Spanish were gods, who would then take advantage of the opportunity to conquer the Mexicans. Nevertheless, there is progressive emphasis on the deadly firearms, snort, and armored horses used by the Spanish as having aided their victory in the war. On the other hand, alternative opinions on the events that led to the victory present a different approach to the Aztec defeat. The work of Franciscan Friar Bernardino de Sahagun for instance, holds out conspicuously representing a natives view on the accounts of the events. The Sahagun hypothesis posits an excessive and deliberate Spanish

Seacoast Science Center Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Seacoast Science Center - Term Paper Example 7 Financial measurement 7 Donor dependence ratio 8 Non financial measurement 9 Competitive advantages 9 What can the SSC do to overcome the â€Å"$50,000 question†? Is this question the real problem facing SSC? 10 Would raising the admission fee negatively affect SSC’s financial situation? Explain. 11 Conclusion and recommendations 12 Executive summary The seacoast science Center is located in the Odiorne Point State Park in Rye, New Hampshire. The center served as an educational center for the local environment and the visitors’ center for the park. Just like for-profit-organizations, not-for-profit organizations operate in internal and external environments, both of which present forces that must be considered in determining the sustainability of the organization. Strengths and weaknesses are the internal factors that can be controlled by the management while opportunities and threats are the external forces that affect the whole industry, and which the organiz ation cannot control. Besides, competitive advantages will be examined – these are the factors that enable the company sell its goods/services despite there being rival organizations’ dealing with similar goods/services. Other issues that will be tackled in this report include: how to measure success, how to address the $50,000 question and the possible impacts of raising admission fees. Introduction/background The facility called Seacoast Science Center was opened in 1992, with Parks as the facility’s owner, Audibon Society of New Hampshire (ASNHH) as the managing sponsor and the Advisory Committee as the governing body. The director of the visiting center was Wendy Lull, who served as the first employee. During the year of starting, the center attracted 65,000 visitors, a number that grew to 100,000 by 1999, which was above its capacity. In November 2001, the Seacoast Science Center, Inc., an independent nonprofit organization took over the management contract for the center. Currently, SCC is grappling with a deficit budget, a problem that is giving Wendy Lull, the organization’s president, an endless headache. One of the options that is being cited to address this problem includes raising of the admission fees, but again it is argued that such a move could keep off the donors and perhaps make it difficult for the visitors to raise the fees, especially because people do not highly value the kind of services offered by perks. This report will analyze the organization’s SWOT, discusses ways of measuring its success, and look at its competitive advantages among other issues. SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. The organization’s programs strength is lying in its ability to track changes over time - through the use of simple technology. 2. SSC has a mix of staff and trained volunteers. The staff is always commended for engagement and commitment. The competence of staff is revealed by Wendy’s remarks that â€Å"—we all do visitor programs, we’re out there, you’re teaching people, you’re interacting with them† (Naumes and Lull, 2012: 10). 3. Educational programs are available for all ages, ranging from kindergarten through high school. This makes it easy for SSC to get many clients throughout the year. 4. The programs are very simple; hence, people can get involved without much hassle. 5. The organization has adopted technology including websites, direct mail and press release. These platforms are highly valuable for marketing purposes, which gives the organization a competitive edge. 6. The numbers of visitors are growing rapidly every year. 7. The change in management to SCC Inc. in 2001 allowed the management and staff to focus on the organization’s mission. This offered SSC a financial freedom, including having its own members and donors. 8. The new chairman, Pam Hall, has